Rhesus Medicine Podcast - Medical Education

Pneumothorax explained clearly, including subtypes (e.g Primary, Secondary, Tension) as well as pneumothorax pathophysiology. We also cover symptoms, diagnosis (including x ray findings!) as well as treatment options.

Notes & Practice Questions: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/respiratory

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is a pneumothorax?
1:13 Pneumothorax Pathophysiology
3:46 Pneumothorax Risk Factors
4:59 Pneumothorax Symptoms & Signs
6:24 Pneumothorax Diagnosis
8:14 Pneumothorax Treatment

Social Media: 
https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

References
MSD Manual Professional Edition (2025) Pneumothorax. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/pneumothorax
Geeky Medics (2024) Pneumothorax. Available at: https://geekymedics.com/pneumothorax/
Life in the Fast Lane (2023) Pneumothorax. Available at: https://litfl.com/pneumothorax-ccc/
Life in the Fast Lane (2023) Tension pneumothorax – an alternative view. Available at: https://litfl.com/tension-pneumothorax/
Roberts, M.E. et al. (2023) 'British Thoracic Society Guideline for pleural disease', Thorax, 78(Suppl 3), pp.s1-s42. Available at: https://thorax.bmj.com/content/78/Suppl_3/s1
Cheng, H.S. et al. (2024) 'Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: a mini-review on its latest evidence', Journal of Thoracic Disease, 16(7), pp.4756-4763. Available at: https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/88287/html
American College of Surgeons (2018) Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Student Course Manual. 10th edn. Chicago: American College of Surgeons.

Ectopic pregnancy explained, including pathophysiology and most common locations, as well as risk factors and ectopic pregnancy symptoms. Also includes diagnosis (including ultrasound findings) and treatment options (expectant, medical and surgical). 

Notes & Practice Questions: https://rhesusmedicine.com/pages/gynecology

Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): 
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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Ectopic Pregnancy? 
1:14 Ectopic Pregnancy Pathophysiology
3:29 Ectopic Pregnancy Risk Factors & Causes
4:25 Ectopic Pregnancy Symptoms
5:55 Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis
8:07 Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment

Social Media: 
https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

#medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Acute Appendicitis explained, including classic and atypical appendicitis symptoms, the pathophysiology of appendicitis, as well as causes, diagnosis (including scores like the Alvarado score) and treatment.

PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/general-surgery

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Appendicitis?
0:32 Appendicitis Pathophysiology
2:00 Causes of Appendicitis
2:59 Appendicitis Symptoms & Signs 
5:29 Appendicitis Diagnosis
8:44 Appendicitis Treatment / Appendectomy 

LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: 
https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

References
BMJ Best Practice (2026) Acute appendicitis. Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000094
Di Saverio, S., Podda, M., De Simone, B., et al. (2020) 'Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines', World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 15(1), p.27. Available at: https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-020-00306-3
Moris, D., Paulson, E.K. and Pappas, T.N. (2021) 'Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults: a review', JAMA, 326(22), pp.2299-2311. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34905026
MSD Manual (2024) Appendicitis. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/acute-abdomen-and-surgical-gastroenterology/appendicitis
StatPearls Publishing (2024) Appendicitis. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493193/
Bhangu, A., Søreide, K., Di Saverio, S., Assarsson, J.H. and Drake, F.T. (2015) 'Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management', The Lancet, 386(10000), pp.1278-1287. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26460662
Flum, D.R., Davidson, G.H., Monsell, S.E., et al. (2020) 'A randomized trial comparing antibiotics with appendectomy for appendicitis', New England Journal of Medicine, 383(20), pp.1907-1919. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33017106
Addiss, D.G., Shaffer, N., Fowler, B.S. and Tauxe, R.V. (1990) 'The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States', American Journal of Epidemiology, 132(5), pp.910-925. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2239906

Vitamin B12 Deficiency explained, including the role and absorption of Vitamin B12, the causes and mechanisms causing B12 deficiency as well as the symptoms. We also look at the diagnosis of B12 deficiency including testing MMA or Homocysteine, as well as treatment options. 

PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/haematology

Consider subscribing on YouTube (if you found any of the info useful!): 
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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Vitamin B12? 
0:39 Vitamin B12 Absorption Pathway
2:37 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Causes
4:50 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms
6:57 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Diagnosis
9:41 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Treatment

LINK TO MNEMONICS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-XE7PiwGgE&list=PLGNSE_HvIV4t7a33bbHN1fq-j_tge0Gmp

LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: 
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References
BMJ Best Practice (2026) Vitamin B12 deficiency. Available at: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/822
MSD Manual (2025) Vitamin B12 deficiency. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/nutritional-disorders/vitamin-deficiency-dependency-and-toxicity/vitamin-b12-deficiency
Mohamed, M., Thio, J., Thomas, R.J.S. and Phillips, J. (2020) 'Pernicious anaemia', BMJ, 369, m1319. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1319
Langan, R.C. and Goodbred, A.J. (2017) 'Vitamin B12 deficiency: recognition and management', American Family Physician, 96(6), pp.384-389. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0915/p384.html
StatPearls Publishing (2024) Vitamin B12 deficiency. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.

An approach to chest pain, featuring the main life threatening conditions we don't want to miss - including typical features in the history and physical exam, ECG and recommended further investigations. 

PDFs available here: https://rhesusmedicine.com/products/assessment-or-interpretation

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Timestamps:
0:00 Chest Pain Introduction
0:40 Acute Coronary Syndrome
3:17 Tension Pneumothorax
4:03 Pulmonary Embolism
5:14 Cardiac Tamponade
6:30 Aortic Dissection
7:43 Esophageal Rupture
8:34 Cardiac vs Non Cardiac Chest Pain (Other Causes of Chest Pain) 

LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA: 
https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

References
BMJ Best Practice (2026) Assessment of chest pain – Differential diagnosis of symptoms. BMJ Publishing Group.
Farkas, J. (2025) Approach to chest pain. EMCrit Project. Published 15 January 2025.
McGill Journal of Medicine (n.d.) Approach to: Chest pain. McGill Journal of Medicine.
Kendall, J.M. and Hancock, I. (2019) Chest Pain Syndromes. RCEMLearning EMFP. Published 16 July 2019.