Risky or Not?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating vegetables grown in soil with composted botulinum toxin.
Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼
Composting At Home | US EPA
Temperature Effects on Botulinum A Toxin.∗ - T. E. Cartwright, Max A. Lauffer, 1958
Methods and microbial risks associated with composting of animal carcasses in the United States
Avian botulism - Wikipedia
Manure contamination with Clostridium botulinum after avian botulism outbreaks: management and potential risk of dissemination - Souillard - 2020 - Veterinary Record - Wiley Online Library
Clostridium botulinum and Bio‐compost. A Contribution to the Analysis of Potential Health Hazards Caused by Bio‐waste Recycling - Böhnel - 2000 - Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B - Wiley Online Library
Methods for Health Risk Assessment by Clostridium botulinum in Biocompost | Springer Nature Link
Overview of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in soils in France - PMC
NRT Quick Reference Guide: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) (causes Botulism)
The Effect of Temperature on Toxin Formation and Toxin Stability of Clostridium Botulinum Type E in Different Environments
Botulinum Toxin A: Is it Really that Fragile a Molecule? - SHOME - 2010 - Dermatologic Surgery - Wiley Online Library
Botulism outbreaks in natural environments – an update - PMC
Schoenoplectus - Wikipedia

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating White Castle burgers in a cooler for 12 hours.
Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️
White Castle (restaurant) - Wikipedia
Menu | Krystal Restaurants
Wilson, North Carolina - Wikipedia
Like a Local: Wilson | Our State
Conetoe, North Carolina - Wikipedia
Wendell, North Carolina - Wikipedia
Wendell Pierce - Wikipedia
SQFI | SQF Unites 2026
ComBase Home
USDA FSIS C. perfringens Risk Assessment Executive Summary
Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in Commercially Produced Cured Raw Meat Product Mixtures and Behavior in Cooked Products during Chilling and Refrigerated Storage - ScienceDirect
We tried White Castle from an airport vending machine. It was bleak. - The Washington Post
Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle - Wikipedia

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating with poopy fingernail hands.
Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼
A large outbreak of antibiotic-resistant shigellosis at a mass gathering - PubMed
Rainbow Gathering - Wikipedia

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from making hot dogs in your dishwasher.
Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼
Instagram reel of dishwasher hotdogs
Why It's Never A Good Idea To Cook Your Food In A Dishwasher

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from three month old refrigerated compound butter.
Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼 
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼
The Wire - Wikipedia
Compound butter - Wikipedia
Kitchen Confidential - Wikipedia
The effects of butter characteristics on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes - VOYSEY - 2009 - International Journal of Dairy Technology - Wiley Online Library
Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes within an epidemic caused by butter in Finland - ScienceDirect