Some builders don't just create breakthrough products.
They create entirely new ways of thinking about how innovation happens.
In this episode of Building One, Tomer Cohen sits down with Astro Teller, Co-founder and Captain of Moonshots at X, Google's legendary moonshot factory.
Astro has helped build one of the world's most remarkable innovation engines—an organization responsible for projects like Waymo, Google Brain, Wing, Taara, Google Glass, Loon, and many more.
But this conversation isn't just about ambitious technology.
It's about building a system that makes ambitious technology more likely.
At X, innovation isn't treated as inspiration or creative genius. It's treated as a discipline. Teams are rewarded for disproving their own ideas, attacking the hardest assumptions first, and learning faster than everyone else. Success isn't measured by how long a project survives—but by how quickly you discover whether it deserves to.
In this episode, Tomer and Astro discuss:
Why X calls itself a "moonshot factory"—and what it takes to build innovation as a repeatable system
Why the goal isn't to prove your ideas right—but to discover when they're wrong
Why 10x thinking can actually be easier than incremental improvement
The famous "teach the monkey before you build the pedestal" framework for attacking risk in the right order
Lessons from Waymo, Google Brain, Taara, Google Glass, and Loon—and why some of X's biggest "failures" produced its greatest insights
How culture, incentives, and organizational design determine whether breakthrough ideas survive
If you've ever wondered why some organizations consistently produce world-changing products while others struggle to innovate, this conversation offers one of the clearest frameworks you'll hear.
It's a masterclass on building not just products—but the systems that build products.