Brain in a Vat

We welcome back Stephen Kershnar to discuss the ethics of torture. Kershnar argues that some criminals deserve torture because severe wrongdoing can cause a person to forfeit protections against extreme punishment. He critiques the idea that there are moral constraints the state must never cross.

The dialogue also examines objections to torture concerning human dignity, bodily integrity, and the dangers of granting the state such power.

Chapters
[00:00] Introduction
[00:43] Why Punitive Torture?
[04:57] Defining Torture
[08:22] Solitary Confinement Today
[10:15] Deterrence versus Retribution
[19:19] Can Rights Be Forfeited?
[29:54] Contracts You Cannot Exit
[34:30] Consent, Punishment, and Efficiency
[37:28] Demographics and Equality
[45:48] Punitive Rape Debate
[48:05] Side Constraints on Torture
[53:40] Third Party Harms
[58:06] Closing Remarks

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What happens to human beings in a world without scarcity? If all our needs were met, would we actually be better off? Will technological progress lead to utopia or collapse?

Humans are living through massive improvements in material conditions. More people have access to food, energy, and technology than ever before. Steven Kotler examines what this kind of abundance does to us. It may support a more comfortable life, but it can also erode the conditions that sustain a sense of purpose.

We also discuss how attention and identity are being affected by technological progress. As AI systems take on more optimization and decision-making, the role of human thought may change, raising questions about what remains distinctly human in how we engage with the world.

Read Peter Diamandis' and Kotler's book, 'We Are as Gods,' here: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/We-Are-as-Gods/Peter-H-Diamandis/Exponential-Technology-Series/9781668099544

Chapters:
[00:00] Introduction to Steven Kotler
[00:15] Universe 25 and the Problem of Abundance
[03:06] Mouse Dynamics and Human Parallels
[10:30] Abundance, Individuality, and Meaning
[17:18] Tradeoffs of Abundance
[27:31] The Impact of Overload and Burnout
[32:59] Skepticism About AI and Technology
[46:53] Population and Ecological Pressures
[54:52] Human Creativity in an AI World

What does it mean to live with adversity? How ought we respond to the suffering of others? How can we adapt to hardship?

Adversity is a universal experience. Nearly everyone, at some point, faces physical, psychological, or social challenges, and yet suffering often goes unnoticed.

David Benatar joins us to discuss these questions on the human condition, provoked by his book 'Living with Adversity,' a collection of personal accounts of suffering.

Read Benatar's book here: https://wipfandstock.com/9798385266708/living-with-adversity/

Chapters:
[00:18] Introduction to David Benatar
[05:32] The Value of Witnessing Hardship
[09:56] Empathy and Emotional Distance
[18:37] Legitimate and Illegitimate Suffering
[23:54] The Absence of Redemption Narratives
[25:39] The Limits of Empathy
[41:10] Forms of Adversity

Kevin Allison, creator of the RISK! podcast, recounts a high school prank at an all-boys Jesuit school in 1986. After a crush teased him by repeatedly spitting on him, Kevin later mailed him a sealed container of feces labeled “enjoy the cookies.”

In retelling the story, Kevin considers how the prank mixes humiliation and a possible form of intimacy, situated within his experience of growing up gay under Catholic doctrine. For Kevin, telling such stories has become an opportunity for self-reflection.

Beyond this, Kevin argues that sharing what is usually considered “unmentionable” can create a distinct form of connection: moments of vulnerability tend to draw listeners in rather than push them away. Thus, the points of greatest risk are often where an audience leans in most.

Chapters:
[00:00] The Mailing Feces Prank
[12:49] Why the "Unmentionable" Matters
[14:20] Coming Out Under Catholicism
[18:09] Starting RISK!
[23:02] Teaching Storytelling
[35:41] Revisiting Old Stories
[42:22] Audience Backlash
[47:36] What are "Safe Spaces"
[56:09] How Memory Alters a Story
[01:03:29] Closing Remarks

Find the RISK! podcast here: https://www.risk-show.com/

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Clinical psychologist Chloe Carmichael, author of "Can I Say That?," examines how free expression relates to psychological well-being and social trust. Carmichael argues that suppressing disagreement drives resentment and misperception, rather than resolving conflict. She also scrutinizes the role of safe spaces, the spread of therapeutic language, and what limits on speech might be justified in public versus private life.

[00:00] Introduction to Chloe Carmichael
[00:29] Mark’s Workplace Story
[02:33] Repression and Mental Health
[09:47] Reeducation versus dialogue
[13:58] Campus safe spaces
[21:30] Public speech
[22:37] Therapy language and groupthink
[27:34] Academia echo chambers
[33:12] First Amendment Limits
[43:16] Cultural Social Norms
[56:44] Why Censorship Backfires
[01:00:25] Five Ds and Violence
[01:01:52] Closing Remarks

Read Carmichael's book, "Can I Say That?: Why Free Speech Matters and How to Use It Fearlessly," here: https://www.amazon.com/Can-Say-That-Matters-Fearlessly/dp/151078490X

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