Anthropic's CEO, who has consistently predicted transformative AI will arrive before 2030, recently published a nearly 20,000-word essay outlining his vision of where AI is heading. The video gives you the highlights. The essay argues that scaling and recursion will advance AI from coding automation to full engineering automation, while warning of economic displacement within 1-2 years and China's trajectory toward AI-enabled totalitarianism. Additionally, Dario Amodei predicts that AI models will increasingly be understood as collections of distinct personas rather than monolithic systems.
80,000 Hours: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B54EQiuO1UU
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Chapters:
00:00 - Introduction
01:10 - Scaling to software engineers
06:11 - Permanent Underclass
10:18 - Totalitarian Nightmares
16:38 - Collection of Personas
Essay: https://www.darioamodei.com/essay/the-adolescence-of-technology
Physics Prediction: https://www.quantamagazine.org/is-particle-physics-dead-dying-or-just-hard-20260126/
Axios: https://www.axios.com/2025/05/28/ai-jobs-white-collar-unemployment-anthropic
World GDP: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2024&start=1961&view=chart
Demis Hassabis Counter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6fq4_uP7aM
Karpathy 80%: https://x.com/karpathy/status/2015883857489522876
Machines of Loving Grace: https://www.darioamodei.com/essay/machines-of-loving-grace
Anthropic LessWrong: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/5aKRshJzhojqfbRyo/unless-its-governance-changes-anthropic-is-untrustworthy#1__In_private__Dario_frequently_said_he_won_t_push_the_frontier_of_AI_capabilities__later__Anthropic_pushed_the_frontier
Original Constitution: https://www.anthropic.com/news/claudes-constitution
New Constitution: https://www.anthropic.com/constitution
Kimi K2.5: https://x.com/Kimi_Moonshot/status/2016024049869324599
Societies of Thought, Google DeepMind Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.10825
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