Tim takes TWiN through two studies on the role of dopamine: that syllables are natural units of spontaneous behavior used by the brain to structure action, and that mesolimbic dopamine release conveys causal associations but not reward prediction errors, thereby challenging the dominant theory of reward learning. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Spontaneous behavior without explicit reward (Nature) Dopamine release conveys causal associations (Science) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

Junjie from Jason’s lab joins TWiN to discuss the observation that the cell gene PNMA2 encodes non-enveloped virus-like capsids that induce autoantibodies which underlie paraneoplastic syndrome. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Junjie Xu Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Virus-like capsids in paraneoplastic disease (bioRxiv) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN explains the finding that immunity to commensal bacteria promotes sensory neuron regeneration via the cytokine interleukin-17A. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Ori Lieberman, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Immunity to the microbiota promotes sensory neuron regeneration (Cell) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN reviews the field of microgial research, which has advanced in recent decades but is constrained by nomenclature that is necessary but often implies specific functions. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode Microglia states and nomenclature (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]

TWiN answers listener questions about Alzheimer’s disease, glaucoma and the microbiota, Dravet’s Syndrome, schizophrenia, brain development, and chips implanted in the human brain. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode Letters read on TWiN 36 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to [email protected]